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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
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Modulating the immune system through nanotechnology.

Tamara G Dacoba1, Ana Olivera1, Dolores Torres2

  • 1Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.

Seminars in Immunology
|October 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanotechnology offers advanced strategies for modulating the immune system, leading to novel nanotechnology-based vaccines for immunization or tolerance induction. Tailoring nanosystem properties is key to eliciting specific immune responses for various therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseImmune systemNanotechnologyStimulationToleranceVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Nanotechnology-based modulation of the immune system is an emerging strategy for treating severe diseases.
  • Nanotechnology-based vaccines are being developed for immunization and immune tolerance induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how nanosystem properties can be tuned to elicit specific immune responses.
  • To discuss formulation approaches for anti-infectious, anti-autoimmune, and anti-biological vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on nanotechnology in vaccinology.
  • Analysis of how nanosystem characteristics influence immune system interactions.
  • Discussion of formulation strategies for diverse vaccine types.

Main Results:

  • Nanosystem properties can be precisely controlled to direct immune responses.
  • Specific formulation approaches enable the development of targeted vaccines.
  • This technology holds promise for anti-infectious, anti-autoimmune, and therapeutic antibody prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Nanotechnology provides a versatile platform for developing advanced vaccines.
  • Tuning nanosystems is crucial for achieving desired immunomodulatory effects.
  • This approach has significant potential in treating severe diseases and managing immune-related conditions.