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DNA-Sequence Based Typing of the Cronobacter Genus Using MLST, CRISPR-cas Array and Capsular Profiling.

Pauline Ogrodzki¹, Stephen J Forsythe²

¹School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Microbiology

|October 17, 2017

Summary

This study updates genotyping methods for Cronobacter bacteria, crucial for infant formula safety. Multilocus sequence typing, capsular profiling, and CRISPR-cas typing enhance strain identification and risk assessment.

Keywords:

CRISPR-cas profiles Cronobacter MLST capsule genomes genotyping

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genomics
Food Safety

Background:

The Cronobacter genus includes several species, with some causing severe infant infections via contaminated formula.
Accurate identification and strain discrimination are vital for public health and risk assessment.
Previous genotyping methods faced limitations due to clonal species within the Cronobacter genus.

Purpose of the Study:

To update and evaluate the application of three key genotyping methods for the Cronobacter genus.
To enhance the discriminatory power of methods for identifying and characterizing Cronobacter strains.
To provide updated data for researchers and risk assessors involved with Cronobacter.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 1654 multilocus sequence typing (MLST) profiles.
Profiling of capsular (K-antigen) and colanic acid (CA) biosynthesis regions.
Characterization of CRISPR-cas array profiles.
Utilized whole genome sequencing data from 286 strains.

Main Results:

Confirmed the predominance of Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus in clinical infections.
Identified specific sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs) associated with clinical isolates.
The K2:CA2 capsular profile was found in additional species beyond C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus.
The CRISPR-cas type I-E (Ecoli) was most common, with some variations observed in C. dublinensis and C. muytjensii.

Conclusions:

The updated genotyping methods provide robust discrimination for Cronobacter strains.
Enhanced profiling benefits researchers, governmental agencies, and industrial risk assessors.
Continued genomic surveillance is essential for monitoring and controlling Cronobacter infections.