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Cellular, physiological and pathological aspects of the long non-coding RNA NEAT1
Pang-Kuo Lo1, Benjamin Wolfson1, Qun Zhou1
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Frontiers in Biology
|October 17, 2017
Summary
Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a long non-coding RNA involved in many biological processes. Dysregulated NEAT1 contributes to cancer development, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in biological processes, unlike previously thought "junk" transcripts.
- Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a nuclear lncRNA with emerging roles in cellular and physiological functions.
- Dysregulation of NEAT1 is implicated in various diseases, particularly cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on NEAT1's roles in nuclear paraspeckle function, cellular pathways, and physiological processes.
- To highlight studies on the pathological roles of deregulated NEAT1 in cancer development and progression.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of the Pubmed database.
- Review of studies published between January 2009 and August 2016.
- Keywords used: "Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1", "NEAT1", and "paraspeckles".
Main Results:
- The review identified 34 relevant articles.
- Thirteen articles focused on NEAT1's cellular functions, and eight on its physiological functions.
- Thirteen articles investigated the roles of NEAT1 in various cancers.
Conclusions:
- NEAT1 exhibits multifunctional roles beyond paraspeckle formation, impacting diverse biological processes.
- Aberrant NEAT1 expression is linked to cancer development and progression.
- Further research is needed to elucidate NEAT1's mechanisms and its therapeutic potential in oncology.