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The Default Mode Network in Autism.

Aarthi Padmanabhan1, Charles J Lynch2, Marie Schaer3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|October 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to dysfunction in the default mode network (DMN), impacting self-referential processing and theory of mind. Altered DMN structure and development are key neurobiological features in ASD.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by social communication deficits.
  • The default mode network (DMN) is a key brain system implicated in ASD.
  • DMN dysfunction is linked to social cognitive impairments in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review multimodal evidence for DMN dysfunction in ASD.
  • Examine DMN's role in self-referential processing and theory of mind deficits.
  • Investigate neurobiological mechanisms underlying DMN dysfunction in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of multimodal neuroimaging and cytoarchitectonic findings.
  • Analysis of DMN functional and structural organization.
  • Review of developmental trajectories of DMN in ASD.
Keywords:
Autismdefault mode networkmentalizingself-referential processingsocialtheory of mind

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Main Results:

  • Altered DMN functional and structural organization is a prominent feature of ASD.
  • Atypical DMN development contributes to social cognitive impairments.
  • Aberrant DMN signaling underlies difficulties in self-other integration and attention.

Conclusions:

  • DMN dysfunction is central to social cognitive deficits in ASD.
  • Atypical excitatory-inhibitory balance and signaling impact DMN function.
  • Further research is needed to understand DMN mechanisms in ASD.