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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Related Experiment Video

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One year in review 2017: systemic sclerosis.

Simone Barsotti1, Cosimo Bruni2, Martina Orlandi2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy.

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights recent advancements in understanding systemic sclerosis (SSc), a rare autoimmune disease. Key findings cover new insights into its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease.
  • It is characterized by widespread vascular dysfunction, immune system activation, and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs.
  • SSc exhibits significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation, progression, and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of significant literature contributions in systemic sclerosis over the past year.
  • To synthesize novel insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of SSc.
  • To update clinicians and researchers on the latest developments in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recently published literature on systemic sclerosis.
  • Analysis of key studies focusing on pathogenesis, diagnostic advancements, and therapeutic interventions.
  • Expert synthesis of the most impactful findings and their clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence clarifies complex pathogenic pathways, including genetic and environmental factors.
  • Novel biomarkers and imaging techniques are improving early diagnosis and disease monitoring.
  • Recent clinical trials demonstrate promising results for targeted therapies, improving patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The past year has yielded significant progress in understanding and managing systemic sclerosis.
  • Continued research is crucial for further unraveling SSc pathogenesis and developing more effective treatments.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches remain essential for optimizing patient care in this complex disease.