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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Child Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Atypical defecation habits significantly impact children's quality of life.
  • Functional defecation disorders are common, with up to 50% of children unresponsive to current interventions.
  • Inconsistent behavioral descriptors may contribute to high intervention failure rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive inventory of defecation-specific behaviors.
  • To establish a foundation for improved assessment and intervention strategies for functional defecation problems.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of six databases adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Screening of reference lists from retained articles for additional relevant studies.
  • Content analysis to categorize identified defecation-specific behaviors into 17 distinct groups.

Main Results:

  • 2,677 articles were initially identified, with 67 included in the final qualitative synthesis.
  • Stool withholding and pain during defecation were the most frequently reported defecation-specific behaviors.
  • These behaviors were not unique to specific diagnostic groups, including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized diagnostic criteria and the use of identified defecation-specific behaviors are crucial.
  • This approach can form the basis for developing more effective interventions for functional defecation problems in children.