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    This study explores gloss appearance using bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements. A new two-dimensional gloss model improves visual perception correlation, addressing ambiguities in medium gloss ranges.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Color Science
    • Surface Metrology

    Background:

    • Gloss appearance is crucial for surface aesthetics and is linked to directional reflective properties.
    • Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) acquisition offers a novel method for appearance analysis.
    • Existing gloss measurement methods show ambiguities, particularly in the medium gloss range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate gloss appearance using both soft and hard metrology approaches.
    • To analyze and explain ambiguities in gloss perception observed with traditional gloss meters.
    • To develop an improved gloss model that better correlates with visual perception.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted a psychophysical experiment for gloss assessment of 47 neutral-color samples.
    • Acquired and examined Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) data using a commercial device.
    • Proposed a two-dimensional gloss model integrating Ward's BRDF model parameter with measured gloss values.

    Main Results:

    • Identified ambiguous correspondences in medium gloss range evaluations using standard gloss meters.
    • BRDF analysis provided insights into the phenomenon of ambiguous gloss perception.
    • The proposed two-dimensional gloss model demonstrated improved correlation with visual perception.

    Conclusions:

    • BRDF acquisition is a valuable tool for understanding and quantifying gloss appearance.
    • The developed two-dimensional gloss model enhances the accuracy of gloss evaluation.
    • This research offers a more robust method for assessing surface gloss, particularly in challenging ranges.