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Chinese Olive (Canarium album L.) Fruit Extract Attenuates Metabolic Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats
Yu-Te Yeh1, An-Na Chiang2, Shu-Chen Hsieh3
1Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan. d02641002@ntu.edu.tw.
Abstract:
Hyperglycemia and dysregulation of lipid metabolism play a crucial role in metabolic dysfunction. The aims of present study were to evaluate the ameliorative effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Chinese olive fruit extract (CO-EtOAc) on high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. CO-EtOAc, rich in gallic acid and ellagic acid, could markedly decreased the body weight and epididymal adipose mass. In addition, CO-EtOAc increased serum HDL-C levels, hepatic GSH levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities; lowered blood glucose, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), bile acid, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and reduced TC and TG in liver. We further demonstrated that CO-EtOAc mildly suppressed hepatic levels of phosphorylated IRS-1, TNF-α, and IL-6, but enhanced Akt phosphorylation. The possible mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism were assessed by determining the expression of genes involved in cholesterol transportation, biosynthesis, and degradation. It was found that CO-EtOAc not only inhibited mRNA levels of SREBP-2, HMG-CoAR, SR-B1, and CYP7A1 but also increased the expression of genes, such as ABCA1 and LDLR that governed cholesterol efflux and cholesterol uptake. Moreover, the protein expressions of ABCA1 and LDLR were also significantly increased in the liver of rats supplemented with CO-EtOAc. We suggest that Chinese olive fruit may ameliorate metabolic dysfunction in diabetic rats under HFD challenge.
Insights
Chinese olive fruit extract (CO-EtOAc) improves metabolic dysfunction in diabetic rats. It reduces body weight, blood glucose, and harmful lipids while enhancing beneficial cholesterol levels and antioxidant activity.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic dysfunction
- Lipid metabolism
- Diabetes research
Background:
- Hyperglycemia and dysregulated lipid metabolism are key to metabolic dysfunction.
- Chinese olive fruit extract (CO-EtOAc) contains gallic acid and ellagic acid.
- High-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induce diabetic conditions in rats.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the ameliorative effects of CO-EtOAc on HFD and STZ-induced diabetic rats.
- To investigate the impact of CO-EtOAc on hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism.
- To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CO-EtOAc's effects on metabolic dysfunction.
Main Methods:
- Administration of CO-EtOAc to HFD and STZ-induced diabetic rats.
- Measurement of body weight, adipose mass, blood glucose, and serum lipid profiles.
- Analysis of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-6), and signaling pathways (IRS-1, Akt).
- Assessment of gene and protein expression related to cholesterol metabolism (SREBP-2, HMG-CoAR, SR-B1, CYP7A1, ABCA1, LDLR).
Main Results:
- CO-EtOAc significantly reduced body weight, epididymal adipose mass, blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, bile acid, and TNFα.
- CO-EtOAc increased serum HDL-C, hepatic GSH levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- CO-EtOAc modulated hepatic signaling pathways by suppressing phosphorylated IRS-1, TNF-α, and IL-6, while enhancing Akt phosphorylation.
- CO-EtOAc altered cholesterol metabolism by inhibiting key genes (SREBP-2, HMG-CoAR, SR-B1, CYP7A1) and upregulating cholesterol efflux/uptake genes (ABCA1, LDLR) at both mRNA and protein levels.
Conclusions:
- CO-EtOAc demonstrates significant ameliorative effects on metabolic dysfunction in diabetic rats.
- The extract improves hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress.
- CO-EtOAc exerts its beneficial effects through modulation of inflammatory pathways and cholesterol metabolism.
- Chinese olive fruit holds potential for managing metabolic dysfunction in diabetic conditions.
