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Does skeletal muscle carnitine availability influence fuel selection during exercise?

Francis B Stephens1

  • 1Department of Sport and Heath Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter,St Luke's Campus,Heavitree Road,Exeter EX1 2LU,UK.

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|October 18, 2017
PubMed
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During high-intensity exercise, carbohydrate use increases, reducing fat oxidation. This review explores if reduced muscle carnitine availability limits fat burning by impacting mitochondrial fat transport.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Mitochondrial Function

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle utilizes fat and carbohydrates for ATP resynthesis during contraction.
  • Fuel selection during exercise depends on availability, intensity, and duration.
  • Fat oxidation decreases as exercise intensity exceeds 60-70% of maximal oxygen consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms regulating muscle fuel selection during exercise.
  • To investigate the theory of carbohydrate flux-mediated carnitine limitation on fat oxidation.
  • To discuss recent findings on fuel metabolism and carnitine supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on exercise metabolism.
  • Analysis of studies investigating fuel utilization at varying exercise intensities.
Keywords:
CAT carnitine acetyltransferaseCPT1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1HIIT high-intensity interval trainingPDC pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complexVO2max maximal oxygen consumptionCarbohydrate metabolismCarntitineExerciseFat metabolismSkeletal muscle

Related Experiment Videos

  • Consideration of research on in vivo human skeletal muscle carnitine content modification.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased exercise intensity accelerates carbohydrate utilization.
    • High-intensity exercise leads to reduced fat oxidation.
    • Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondrial fat translocation.

    Conclusions:

    • Carbohydrate flux may reduce carnitine availability to CPT1, inhibiting fat oxidation.
    • This carnitine-mediated mechanism is a key factor in reduced fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise.
    • Nutritional strategies to increase skeletal muscle carnitine may influence exercise fuel selection.