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Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and insulin sensitivity
Y A Kim1, J B Keogh1, P M Clifton1
1School of Pharmacy and Medical Science and Sansom Institute for Health Research,University of South Australia,GPO Box 2471,Adelaide SA 5000,Australia.
Nutrition Research Reviews
|October 18, 2017
Summary
Probiotics and prebiotics show promise in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism by modulating gut microbiota. Further human studies are needed to confirm their role in preventing type 2 diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Metabolic Health
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Gut microbiota composition is implicated in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes development.
- Probiotics and prebiotics offer potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.
- Modulating gut bacteria may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review human clinical trials on probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for insulin resistance.
- To explore mechanisms by which these interventions impact glucose metabolism.
- To assess the anti-diabetic effects of gut microbiota modulation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of human clinical trials.
- Analysis of studies investigating probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics.
- Examination of proposed biological mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Probiotics demonstrate anti-diabetic effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
- Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut bacteria play a key role in glucose regulation.
- Resistant starch and synbiotics show potential anti-diabetic benefits in limited human data.
Conclusions:
- Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
- Further rigorous human studies are essential to establish clinical recommendations for type 2 diabetes prevention.
- Targeting the gut microbiota represents a promising avenue for metabolic health interventions.
Keywords:
AMPK 5’-AMP-activated protein kinaseANGPTL4 angiopoietin-like protein 4CFU colony-forming unitFFAR free fatty acid receptorFIAF fasting-induced adipose factorFOS fructo-oligosaccharideGLP-1 glucagon like peptide-1GPR G-protein-coupled receptorGPx glutathione peroxidaseHOMA-IR homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistanceHbA1c glycated HbIGN intestinal gluconeogenesisLPS lipopolysaccharideMCP-1 macrophage chemoattractant protein-1PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cellPYY peptide YYSOD superoxide dismutaseT2DM type 2 diabetes mellitusClinical trialsInsulin sensitivityPrebioticsProbioticsSCFA