Optimization of extraction yield and antioxidant properties of Brassica oleracea Convar Capitata Var L. leaf extracts

Effects of extraction time and solvent polarity on antioxidant properties of Brassica oleracea leaves were optimized by response surface methodology using a central composite design. Five extraction times (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60h) and solvent polarities (dipole moment - hexane: 0.0, diethyl ether: 2.80, ethyl acetate: 4.40, methanol: 5.10 and water: 9.0D) were selected for optimization. Response surface analysis of data showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in extract yield and antioxidant potential, based on total phenolic acids, reducing abilities and free radical scavenging capacities, in response to an increase in extraction time and solvent polarity. The optimal response was obtained using relatively polar solvents (4.40-9.00D) and prolonged extraction times (50-60h). This suggests that most of the phytochemical constituents of B. oleracea leaves are polar and possess strong antioxidant potential.