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Updated: Jul 31, 2026
Quality-Controlled Sputum Analysis by Flow Cytometry
Published on: August 9, 2021
Detection of sputum by interpreting the time-frequency distribution of respiratory sound signal using image
Jinglong Niu1,2, Yan Shi1,2,3,4, Maolin Cai1,2
1School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
Motivation:
Sputum in the trachea is hard to expectorate and detect directly for the patients who are unconscious, especially those in Intensive Care Unit. Medical staff should always check the condition of sputum in the trachea. This is time-consuming and the necessary skills are difficult to acquire. Currently, there are few automatic approaches to serve as alternatives to this manual approach.
Results:
We develop an automatic approach to diagnose the condition of the sputum. Our approach utilizes a system involving a medical device and quantitative analytic methods. In this approach, the time-frequency distribution of respiratory sound signals, determined from the spectrum, is treated as an image. The sputum detection is performed by interpreting the patterns in the image through the procedure of preprocessing and feature extraction. In this study, 272 respiratory sound samples (145 sputum sound and 127 non-sputum sound samples) are collected from 12 patients. We apply the method of leave-one out cross-validation to the 12 patients to assess the performance of our approach. That is, out of the 12 patients, 11 are randomly selected and their sound samples are used to predict the sound samples in the remaining one patient. The results show that our automatic approach can classify the sputum condition at an accuracy rate of 83.5%.
Availability And Implementation:
The matlab codes and examples of datasets explored in this work are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact:
yesoyou@gmail.com or douglaszhang@umac.mo.
Supplementary Information:
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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