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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope
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Dynamic three-dimensional multifocal spots in high numerical-aperture objectives.

Linwei Zhu, Rui Yang, Dawei Zhang

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    |October 19, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new non-iterative method creates dynamic three-dimensional (3D) multifocal spots using annular subzone phases (ASPs). This technique enhances applications in laser fabrication, optical trapping, and microscopy by enabling controllable focal spot positioning.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Microscopy and Imaging

    Background:

    • Multifocal spots generated by high numerical-aperture (NA) objectives offer rapid, parallel processing for diverse applications.
    • Current iterative algorithms for creating three-dimensional (3D) multifocal spots limit their practical utility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a non-iterative method for generating dynamic 3D multifocal spots.
    • To enable precise control over the position of each focal spot within the objective's focal volume.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized annular subzone phases (ASPs), comprising annular subareas with distinct phase-only distributions for 3D displacement.
    • Implemented a non-iterative approach, bypassing the limitations of traditional iterative algorithms.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated the creation of dynamic 3D multifocal spots with individually controllable positions.
    • Experimental validation confirmed the feasibility of the ASP-based method for generating tunable multifocal spots.

    Conclusions:

    • The non-iterative ASP method provides a versatile and efficient approach for generating dynamic 3D multifocal spots.
    • This technique holds significant potential for advancing laser 3D fabrication, optical trapping, and high-speed scanned microscopic imaging.