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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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Multilayer graphene electro-absorption optical modulator based on double-stripe silicon nitride waveguide.

Meiyong Fan, Huimin Yang, Pengfei Zheng

    Optics Express
    |October 19, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel graphene electro-absorption optical modulator. The device achieves a 30.6 GHz modulation bandwidth, addressing the need for high-speed modulators on silicon nitride waveguides.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optoelectronics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Silicon nitride waveguides are crucial for passive optical components.
    • High-speed electro-absorption modulators are essential for optical communication systems.
    • Existing modulators face limitations in speed and integration with passive waveguides.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and analyze a graphene electro-absorption optical modulator.
    • To enhance modulation bandwidth and reduce power consumption.
    • To overcome limitations of passive silicon nitride waveguides for high-speed modulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Embedding four graphene layers within a double-stripe silicon nitride waveguide.
    • Implementing a co-electrode design for graphene layers.
    • Theoretical analysis of device performance, including bandwidth, extinction ratio, and power consumption.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved a theoretical modulation bandwidth as high as 30.6 GHz.
    • Reduced total metal-graphene contact resistance by 50%.
    • Calculated extinction ratio of 0.1658 dB/µm and figure of merit of 9.7.
    • Demonstrated a switching voltage of 3.8180 V and power consumption of 780.50 fJ/bit.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed graphene modulator offers a significant advancement in high-speed modulation for silicon nitride platforms.
    • The design effectively reduces contact resistance, enabling higher bandwidth.
    • This technology can fulfill the demand for high-speed modulators on passive silicon nitride waveguides.