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Energy-efficient multidimensional Hellinger modulation for SPAD-based optical wireless communications.

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    This study introduces a novel energy-efficient signal design for single photon avalanche diode optical wireless communication (SPAD OWC) systems. The new multi-dimensional constellation outperforms existing methods in underwater applications with additive Poisson noise.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Wireless Communication
    • Photonics and Optoelectronics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Single Photon Avalanche Diode Optical Wireless Communication (SPAD OWC) is gaining traction for underwater applications.
    • The channel noise in SPAD OWC systems is characterized by Additive Poisson Noise (APN), differing from typical Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).
    • Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection in APN channels offers limited guidance for energy-efficient signal design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design an energy-efficient multi-dimensional constellation for SPAD OWC systems operating under APN.
    • To minimize average optical power while maintaining a fixed minimum Hellinger distance.
    • To improve upon existing signal designs like Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) for SPAD OWC.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Hellinger distance design criterion for constellation optimization.
    • Developed a multi-dimensional constellation within the nonnegative integer set.
    • Conducted comprehensive simulations to evaluate performance.

    Main Results:

    • The designed constellation achieves lower average optical power compared to existing methods.
    • Demonstrated substantial performance improvements over standard PAM and squared PAM.
    • Validated the effectiveness of the Hellinger distance criterion for energy-efficient design in SPAD OWC.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multi-dimensional constellation offers a significant advancement in energy efficiency for SPAD OWC systems.
    • This design is particularly beneficial for underwater optical wireless communication scenarios with APN.
    • The Hellinger distance criterion provides a valuable framework for future signal design in similar communication systems.