[Specific Characteristics of Coronary Atherosclerosis]
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S V Pykhteev1, A K Lashevich1, P A Bogdan2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kuban State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Insights
This review explores atherosclerosis, detailing its causes and progression. It highlights the roles of inflammation, metabolism, aging, infection, and coronary artery specifics, including age, gender, and hemodynamic influences.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Pathophysiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Atherosclerosis is a complex disease involving plaque buildup in arteries.
- Understanding its multifactorial etiology is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present modern aspects of atherosclerosis etiology and pathogenesis.
- To detail the roles of various factors in atherosclerotic plaque formation.
- To highlight specific characteristics of coronary artery atherosclerosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on atherosclerosis.
- Analysis of factors contributing to plaque development.
- Examination of coronary artery specificities and hemodynamic influences.
Main Results:
- Inflammatory cells, metabolic disturbances, aging, and infection are key contributors.
- Coronary artery calcification and atherosclerosis show specific patterns influenced by age and gender.
- Hemodynamic, anatomical, and physiological factors dictate lesion localization, with the anterior descending artery being more vulnerable.
Conclusions:
- Atherosclerosis pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of cellular and systemic factors.
- Coronary artery disease progression is influenced by patient demographics and specific arterial characteristics.
- Hemodynamic forces significantly impact the vulnerability and localization of atherosclerotic lesions.
Abstract:
In this review, we present modern aspects of etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We describe the roles played by inflammatory cells, components of cellular response in allergic reactions, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular aging, and infection at various stages of formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Special attention is given to the specific characteristics of atherosclerosis and calcification of coronary arteries. We show the influence of age and gender on the disease progression. The review includes information on the importance of myocardial bridges for the change of hemodynamics in segments of coronary arteries. The data presented indicate that differences in localization of atherosclerotic lesions between systems of the right and left coronary arteries depends on their hemodynamic, anatomical and physiological characteristics. According to the literature, anterior descending artery is more vulnerable in this respect.