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Related Concept Videos

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Associations between Systemic Sclerosis and Thyroid Diseases.

Poupak Fallahi1, Ilaria Ruffilli1, Dilia Giuggioli2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|October 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and hypothyroidism, particularly in women. Regular thyroid monitoring is recommended for SSc patients to detect and manage these conditions early.

Keywords:
CXCL10Graves’ diseaseantithyroglobulin antibodiesantithyroperoxidase antibodiesautoimmune thyroiditishypothyroidismsystemic sclerosisthyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease.
  • Thyroid disorders, including autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and hypothyroidism, are observed with increased frequency in SSc patients.
  • Associations between SSc, immune responses (Th1 predominance), vitamin D levels, and AT have been noted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize scientific literature on the association between systemic sclerosis and thyroid disorders.
  • To highlight the prevalence of various thyroid conditions in SSc patients.
  • To emphasize the need for thyroid monitoring in SSc management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific literature.
  • Analysis of reported associations between SSc and thyroid conditions such as AT, hypothyroidism, Graves' disease (GD), and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Main Results:

  • A high incidence and prevalence of AT and/or hypothyroidism are reported in SSc patients, especially females.
  • An increased prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is associated with AT in SSc patients.
  • While Graves' disease (GD) has been described, further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm findings on GD and thyroid cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Most studies indicate a strong association between SSc, AT, and hypothyroidism.
  • Periodic thyroid function monitoring is crucial for female SSc patients, considering factors like TSH levels, antibodies, and thyroid ultrasound findings.
  • Early detection and appropriate treatment of thyroid dysfunction are recommended for systemic sclerosis patients.