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Clinical characteristics of hypertensive encephalopathy in pediatric patients

Chang Hoon Ahn1, Seung-A Han1, Young Hwa Kong1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.

Korean Journal of Pediatrics
|October 19, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Children with hypertensive encephalopathy from kidney problems experienced more severe symptoms and a higher likelihood of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) on MRI scans.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Neurology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is a critical condition in children.
  • Understanding HE's clinical features based on its cause is vital for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric hypertensive encephalopathy.
  • To compare HE presentations based on underlying renal versus non-renal hypertension etiologies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 17 pediatric patients diagnosed with HE.
  • Patients categorized into renal-origin and non-renal-origin hypertension groups.
  • Comparison of clinical symptoms and brain MRI findings between groups.

Main Results:

  • The renal group exhibited significantly higher systolic blood pressure and a higher incidence of seizures.
  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was more prevalent in the renal-origin hypertension group (66.6%) compared to the non-renal group (12.5%).
  • Specific causes included renal artery stenosis, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, acute renal failure, essential hypertension, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, and acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Conclusions:

  • Renal-origin hypertension is associated with a more severe clinical course in pediatric HE.
  • Renal-origin hypertension in children strongly correlates with the presence of PRES on brain MRI.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildEncephalopathyHypertensionMagnetic resonance imaging

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