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Do temperate tree species diversity and identity influence soil microbial community function and composition?

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Tree diversity influences soil microbes, enhancing activity and carbon use. Tree traits, especially dominant species, significantly impact microbial function, linking aboveground productivity to belowground processes.

Keywords:
IDENTMicroResp™TreeDivNetbelowground ecosystem functioningbiodiversityphospholipid fatty acidssoil microbial communitytree species diversitytree species identity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Soil Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Biodiversity-ecosystem function research often overlooks belowground processes in treed ecosystems.
  • Understanding intertrophic links between trees and soil microbial communities is crucial for ecosystem health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how tree species richness, functional diversity, and traits affect soil microbial community function and composition.
  • To identify specific tree traits that influence soil microbial respiration and biomass.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 4-year-old common garden experiment with diverse tree species mixtures.
  • Assessed microbial community composition and function using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and MicroResp™ system.
  • Measured glucose-induced respiration (GIR), basal respiration (BR), and metabolic quotient (qCO2).

Main Results:

  • Increased tree species richness (SR) led to higher microbial activity (BR) and biomass (GIR), with a saturating relationship.
  • Species mixtures showed greater microbial activity and carbon source utilization than monocultures.
  • Community-weighted mean (CWM) of traits, particularly those of dominant species, had a stronger impact on microbial function than functional diversity (FD).
  • Deciduous species mixtures enhanced carbon source utilization compared to evergreen mixtures, suggesting greater soil carbon storage potential.
  • No differences in microbial composition (PLFA) were observed between monocultures and SR mixtures.
  • Both GIR and BR positively correlated with aboveground tree productivity.

Conclusions:

  • Tree diversity and identity significantly influence soil microbial respiration, biomass, and composition.
  • Identified specific tree functional and root traits that mediate soil microbial community function, impacting belowground processes.
  • Tree traits, especially those of dominant species, play a key role in linking aboveground productivity to soil microbial functions.