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Mid-foot retinaculum: an unrecognized entity.

Swathi1, Geetha Gangadaran Nellithala2, Sunita Arvind Athavale3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.

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|October 19, 2017
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Summary

A mid-foot retinaculum, an additional extensor band, was found in half of dissected feet. This structure stabilizes extensor tendons but may cause deep peroneal nerve entrapment.

Keywords:
EntrapmentExtensor retinaculumFoot

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Retinacula are fascial thickenings stabilizing tendons around joints.
  • Known retinacula in the ankle region include superior and inferior extensor retinacula.
  • The function of extensor tendons at distal joints necessitates secure tendon fixation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of an additional extensor retinaculum in the mid-foot.
  • To identify the attachments and structures passing beneath this potential mid-foot retinaculum.
  • To understand the functional and clinical implications of a mid-foot retinaculum.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 50 cadaveric feet.
  • Detailed examination of the mid-foot region.
  • Identification and documentation of anatomical structures.

Main Results:

  • An additional extensor retinaculum was identified distal to the inferior extensor retinaculum in 22 out of 50 feet (44%).
  • This mid-foot retinaculum, partially or completely present in about half the specimens, covered tarsometatarsal joints.
  • Structures found beneath the retinaculum included extensor tendons, the medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve, and the dorsalis pedis artery.

Conclusions:

  • A partial or complete mid-foot retinaculum exists, potentially stabilizing extensor tendons.
  • This anatomical variation may contribute to deep peroneal nerve entrapment, mimicking anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the biomechanical role and clinical significance.