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Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

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Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

A 3D Cartographic Description of the Cell by Cryo Soft X-ray Tomography
08:47

A 3D Cartographic Description of the Cell by Cryo Soft X-ray Tomography

Published on: March 15, 2021

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Laboratory cryo x-ray microscopy for 3D cell imaging.

Emelie Fogelqvist1, Mikael Kördel1, Valentina Carannante2

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.

Scientific Reports
|October 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new laboratory cryo X-ray microscopy technique offers routine, high-resolution 2D and 3D imaging of cells. This accessible method overcomes limitations of synchrotron-based microscopes for biological research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Microscopy
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Water-window X-ray microscopy provides high-resolution 2D and 3D imaging of cells in a near-native state.
  • Current synchrotron-based microscopes have limited accessibility and integration capabilities.
  • Laboratory-based microscopes struggle with resolution and contrast due to long exposure times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a laboratory-based cryo X-ray microscope for routine, high-resolution 3D imaging of cells.
  • To improve accessibility and reliability of cellular imaging techniques.
  • To enable detailed studies of cellular structures and interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a stabilized laser-plasma source for X-ray generation.
  • Developed new optics and sample preparation techniques for cryo-fixed cells.
  • Achieved 2D imaging with 10-second exposures and 3D tomography in 20 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated routine high-spatial resolution 3D imaging of intact cells and cell-cell interactions.
  • Successfully monitored carbon-dense vesicle distribution in starving HEK293T cells.
  • Imaged interactions between natural killer cells and target cells with high detail.

Conclusions:

  • The developed laboratory cryo X-ray microscope offers unprecedented accessibility and reliability for cellular imaging.
  • This technique enables high-resolution visualization of cellular processes and interactions.
  • Advances in laser-plasma sources and optics are crucial for pushing the boundaries of biological imaging.