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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.7K
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

3.5K
Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.4K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Differentiation of Newborn Mouse Skin Derived Stem Cells into Germ-like Cells In vitro
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Ovarian Tissue.

Sophia Salas1, Nicholas Ng1, Behzad Gerami-Naini2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Current Protocols in Human Genetics
|October 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from ovarian granulosa cells show homotypic differentiation. Epigenetic memory in iPS cells can be leveraged for targeted tissue regeneration, advancing regenerative medicine therapies.

Keywords:
granulosa cellshomotypichuman ovarian tissueinduced pluripotent stem cellsretrovirus

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The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System
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Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium
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The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System
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Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
  • iPS cells possess epigenetic memories biasing differentiation towards the original cell type.
  • Exploiting epigenetic memory offers potential for tissue-specific regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail a protocol for culturing human ovarian granulosa cells.
  • To review methods for reprogramming human ovarian granulosa cells into iPS cells.
  • To explore the potential of iPS cell epigenetic memory in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Culture of human ovarian granulosa cells.
  • Review of reprogramming methods including integrative retroviruses, lentivirus, and Sendai virus.
  • Analysis of iPS cell differentiation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Human ovarian granulosa cell-derived iPS cells predominantly differentiate into ovarian steroidogenic and primordial germ cells.
  • Standard and alternative reprogramming protocols were outlined.
  • Limitations of reprogramming methods such as efficiency and mutagenesis were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic memory in ovarian granulosa cell-derived iPS cells favors homotypic differentiation.
  • This finding supports the exploitation of epigenetic memory for targeted ovarian tissue regeneration.
  • Further advances in somatic cell reprogramming are crucial for cell-based therapies.