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Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid Fibrils

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Measuring Glucose Uptake in Drosophila Models of TDP-43 Proteinopathy

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A RHIM with a View: FLYing with Functional Amyloids.

Sunny Shin¹, Sara Cherry¹

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

|October 19, 2017

Summary

Proteins in the insect immune deficiency (IMD) pathway form functional amyloids, similar to mammalian RIPK proteins, which regulate immune responses. This amyloid formation presents a potential regulatory point in biological processes.

Area of Science:

* Innate immunity
* Molecular biology
* Cellular signaling

Background:

* The Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) pathway recognizes bacterial peptidoglycan.
* This recognition activates NF-κB, initiating an immune response.
* The molecular mechanisms underlying IMD pathway activation require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

* To investigate the structural and functional properties of proteins within the Drosophila IMD pathway.
* To identify novel regulatory mechanisms governing innate immune signaling.

Main Methods:

* Bioinformatic analysis to identify conserved protein motifs.
* In vitro assays to assess protein aggregation and amyloid formation.
* Genetic manipulation in Drosophila to study pathway function.

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Main Results:

* Proteins in the IMD pathway self-assemble into functional amyloids.
* A cryptic motif, similar to the RHIM motif in mammalian RIPK proteins, mediates this amyloid formation.
* Amyloid formation is subject to negative regulation.

Conclusions:

* Functional amyloid formation is a key feature of the Drosophila IMD pathway.
* This process, involving a RHIM-like motif, is conserved across species.
* Negative regulation of amyloid formation offers a novel control point for immune responses.