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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
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[Sepsis-3 : What has been confirmed in therapy?]

S David1, F M Brunkhorst2,3,4

  • 1Klinik für Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. david.sascha@mh-hannover.de.

Der Internist
|October 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition defined by the new sepsis-3 criteria, emphasizing the body's harmful response to infection and resulting organ dysfunction. This review explains the sepsis-3 definition and the 2017 international guidelines.

Keywords:
Fluid therapyGuidelineOrgan dysfunction scoresSeptic shockSystemic inflammatory response syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Sepsis definition has evolved from early concepts of infection-induced systemic overreaction.
  • The term Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) has been widely used but is now being re-evaluated.
  • A 2016 sepsis task force aimed to establish a more scientifically rigorous definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the sepsis-3 definition, focusing on pathological host response and organ dysfunction.
  • To summarize the 2017 international sepsis guideline.
  • To provide expert commentary on the updated sepsis definitions and guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical sepsis concepts and definitions.
  • Analysis of the 2016 sepsis task force recommendations.
  • Summary and commentary on the 2017 international sepsis guideline.

Main Results:

  • The sepsis-3 definition identifies sepsis as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.
  • Organ dysfunction is a key feature for diagnosing sepsis under the new criteria.
  • The 2017 international guideline provides updated recommendations based on the sepsis-3 definition.

Conclusions:

  • The sepsis-3 definition offers a more precise understanding of sepsis, integrating host response and organ dysfunction.
  • Adherence to the 2017 international guidelines is crucial for optimal sepsis management.
  • This review provides clarity on the evolving landscape of sepsis diagnosis and treatment.