Time trends in colorectal cancer early postoperative mortality. A French 25-year population-based study

Postoperative mortality after resection of colorectal cancer is an important issue. The aim of this study was to assess early postoperative mortality in a well-defined French population.

Data on 30- and 90-day postoperative mortality after resection for colorectal cancer were extracted from the digestive cancer registry of Burgundy. Time trends of postoperative mortality between 1989 and 2013 were described for the large population. Case-control studies (death within 30 or 90 days = cases, alive at 90 days = controls) focused on the association between postoperative mortality and surgical approach, obesity and other comorbidities over the last [2010-2013] period, using conditional logistic regressions.

Among the 11,448 concerned patients, 30- and 90-day postoperative mortalities were 4.9 and 7.2%. Thirty-day operative mortality decreased from 7.2% (1989-1993) to 4.4% (2010-2013; p < 0.001) for colon cancer and from 4.2 to 3.3% for rectal cancer (NS). Diagnosis before 1997, male gender, advanced age, emergency surgery and palliative resection were associated with a significantly higher 30- and 90-day mortality rate. The univariate risk of mortality was two to three times higher for conventional open laparotomy and conversion than for laparoscopy-assisted surgery. The surgical approach was no longer significant in multivariate analysis. Emergency surgery and comorbidities were associated with higher 30- and 90-day postoperative mortality, whereas obesity was not specific.

Postoperative mortality after colorectal resection decreased over time. Surgical approach had no influence on early mortality. Improvement in the management of the elderly and patients with comorbidities is a challenge to reduce postoperative mortality in the future.