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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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The Complement System and Preeclampsia.

Jean F Regal1, Richard M Burwick2, Sherry D Fleming3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, 1035 University Dr., Duluth, MN, 55812, USA. jregal@d.umn.edu.

Current Hypertension Reports
|October 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting the complement system, specifically C5 blockade, shows promise for treating preeclampsia. This approach may reduce maternal and fetal harm by addressing complement-mediated pregnancy complications.

Keywords:
Complement systemInnate immunityPlacentaPlacental ischemiaPreeclampsiaPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Preeclampsia affects 3-4% of pregnancies, presenting limited therapeutic options.
  • Maternal and fetal harm remain significant concerns in preeclampsia management.
  • The complement system is increasingly recognized for its role in pregnancy disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on targeting the complement system for preeclampsia treatment.
  • To evaluate the potential of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy.
  • To explore complement's role in preeclampsia pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human studies on C5 blockade safety and efficacy.
  • Analysis of animal models (mouse and rat) of preeclampsia.
  • Examination of complement's role in placental dysfunction and maternal symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Human studies confirm safety and efficacy of C5 blockade in complement-mediated pregnancy disorders.
  • Animal models demonstrate complement's involvement in hypertension, proteinuria, and fetal growth restriction.
  • Targeting terminal complement complex (C5b-9) and C5a may prolong pregnancy in preeclampsia.

Conclusions:

  • Complement system targeting, particularly C5 blockade, is a promising therapeutic strategy for preeclampsia.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific complement activators and pathways for targeted therapy.
  • Developing safe complement therapeutics requires understanding its role in both disease and homeostasis.