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Related Concept Videos

Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
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Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers01:23

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Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
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Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

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In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
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Hepatic Drug Clearance: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clearance01:09

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Hepatic clearance refers to the volume of blood cleared of a drug by the liver per unit of time. It plays a crucial role in drug metabolism and elimination. While hepatic clearance is commonly estimated by subtracting renal clearance from total body clearance, other pathways, such as pulmonary or biliary clearance, may also contribute. However, these pathways are generally less significant than hepatic and renal clearance.
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

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Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Hepatic transudation barrier properties.

Ranjeet M Dongaonkar1, Randolph H Stewart1, Christopher M Quick1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)
|October 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study measured liver transudation rates and barrier properties for the first time. The liver

Keywords:
asciteshepatic interstitial fluid balancetransudation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and fluid dynamics research.
  • Physiology of hepatic interstitial and peritoneal fluid balance.

Background:

  • Liver transudation is crucial for fluid balance but has not been fully quantified.
  • Previous studies lacked comprehensive measurements of transudation from the entire liver.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure the hepatic transudation rate.
  • To characterize the properties of the transudation barrier of the liver.

Main Methods:

  • Collected transudate from the entire liver to determine transudation rates.
  • Measured hydraulic conductivity and coefficients of fluid and protein transudation by elevating hepatic venous pressure.

Main Results:

  • Transudation rate increased significantly with elevated hepatic venous pressure (0.13 to 0.37 mL/min·100 g).
  • Transudation barrier properties were comparable to hepatic sinusoids.
  • Identified high permeability of the hepatic transudation barrier at elevated pressures.

Conclusions:

  • The hepatic transudation barrier is highly permeable under elevated sinusoidal pressures.
  • Provides fundamental insights into hepatic transudation relevant to ascites formation.
  • Enhances understanding of liver fluid balance and related clinical conditions.