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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Glucose sensing in oral mucosa simulating phantom using differential absorption based frequency domain low-coherence

Pauline John, Nilesh J Vasa, Sujatha Narayanan Unni

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    |October 20, 2017
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    Summary

    A novel frequency domain low-coherence interferometry technique accurately measures glucose concentrations in simulated oral tissues. This method offers precise glucose sensing for potential non-invasive monitoring applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Optical Sensing
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Accurate glucose monitoring is crucial for diabetes management.
    • Current methods for glucose measurement can be invasive.
    • Developing non-invasive glucose sensing techniques is a significant challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel sensing technique for physiological glucose concentrations.
    • To utilize differential absorption frequency domain low-coherence interferometry (FD-DALCI) for glucose sensing.
    • To evaluate the technique in oral mucosa simulating phantoms with varying scattering properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed a superluminescent diode-based FD-DALCI system.
    • Utilized wavelengths at 1589 nm and 1310 nm for measurements.
    • Simulated oral mucosa using intralipid phantoms (0.25-0.50% concentrations) with glucose (0-250 mg/dl).

    Main Results:

    • Simultaneous measurement of refractive index-based spectral shift and glucose concentration.
    • Achieved a glucose concentration sensitivity of approximately 0.016 nm/(mg/dl), independent of intralipid concentration.
    • Estimated glucose level resolution of ~15 mg/dl in 0.25% intralipid and ~19 mg/dl in 0.5% intralipid.

    Conclusions:

    • The FD-DALCI technique is effective for non-invasive glucose sensing in scattering media.
    • The method demonstrates high sensitivity and resolution for physiological glucose levels.
    • This technique shows promise for developing non-invasive glucose monitoring devices.