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    We developed a new optical system to create complex light polarization states. This system precisely generates various vector beams, demonstrating accurate control over light polarization for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Controlling light polarization is crucial for many optical technologies.
    • Generating arbitrary and inhomogeneous polarization states remains a challenge.
    • Existing methods often lack flexibility or precision.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce an effective optical system for producing arbitrary, inhomogeneous polarization states.
    • To demonstrate the generation of various vector beams, including spirally polarized and full Poincaré beams.
    • To experimentally validate the system's performance and accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel optical system based on spatial light modulation.
    • Generation of vector beams with discretionarily chosen transverse complex fields.
    • Experimental characterization of polarization states using interferometry and polarimetry.

    Main Results:

    • Successful generation of well-known and less common vector beams, including spirally polarized and full Poincaré beams.
    • Visual demonstration of the continuous transition between azimuthally and radially polarized beams.
    • Experimental measurements show accurate coincidence between intended and generated polarization distributions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed optical system offers a straightforward and effective method for generating arbitrary inhomogeneous polarization states.
    • The system demonstrates high precision and flexibility in creating complex vector beams.
    • This work advances the capabilities for controlling light polarization in optical systems.