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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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A low lasing threshold and widely tunable spaser based on two dark surface plasmons.

Yanyan Huo1, Tianqing Jia2, Tingyin Ning3

  • 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China. yanyanhuo2014@sdnu.edu.cn.

Scientific Reports
|October 21, 2017
PubMed
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We demonstrate a tunable spaser using a novel plasmonic nanostructure. This design achieves a lower threshold and higher efficiency by utilizing dark surface plasmons (SPs) for pumping and lasing.

Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Surface plasmons (SPs) are collective oscillations of electrons at a metal-dielectric interface, enabling light confinement at the nanoscale.
  • Spasers (Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) are nanoscale lasers that utilize SPs for light generation.
  • Achieving low thresholds and tunability in spasers is crucial for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically demonstrate a novel plasmonic nanostructure for spaser applications.
  • To investigate the potential of dark surface plasmons (SPs) for enhancing spaser performance.
  • To achieve a widely tunable spaser with a low lasing threshold.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical demonstration of a two sets of disk-rings (TSDR) plasmonic nanostructure.

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  • Excitation of two dark SPs simultaneously via two bright SPs at Fano dips.
  • Analysis of dark SPs' properties, including effective mode volume, quality factor, and Purcell factors.
  • Comparison of spaser performance using dark SPs versus bright SPs.

    • Main Results:

    • The TSDR nanostructure supports two dark SPs with lower effective mode volume, higher quality factor, and higher Purcell factors.
    • Spasers utilizing dark SPs as pumping and lasing modes exhibit a lower lasing threshold.
    • Higher pump absorption efficiency and lower threshold absorbed pump power were achieved compared to bright SP-based spasers.
    • Both lasing and pumping wavelengths of the proposed spaser are widely tunable.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed TSDR nanostructure offers a promising platform for developing low-threshold, highly efficient, and tunable spasers.
    • The use of dark SPs significantly enhances spaser performance metrics.
    • This work provides a significant advancement for the development of practical spaser devices.