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Deadly acute Decompression Sickness in Risso's dolphins.

A Fernández1, E Sierra2, J Díaz-Delgado2

  • 1Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Veterinary School, C/Transmontaña s/n, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain. antonio.fernandez@ulpgc.es.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Marine mammals may develop decompression sickness (DCS) due to strenuous hunting. This study found DCS in Risso's dolphins, unrelated to human activities, suggesting hunting struggles as a likely cause.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Diving Physiology

Background:

  • Air-breathing diving vertebrates were presumed immune to decompression sickness (DCS).
  • Recent findings link DCS in marine mammals (beaked whales, sea turtles) to anthropogenic activities like sonar and bycatch.
  • This study investigates DCS in cetaceans stranded in the Canary Islands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the cause of death in two Risso's dolphins exhibiting signs of severe acute decompression sickness.
  • To differentiate between anthropogenic causes and natural events leading to DCS in marine mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy of 493 cetaceans stranded in the Canary Islands (2000-2015).
  • Pathological examination and gas analysis of tissues from two Risso's dolphins.
  • Exclusion of common causes of mortality including disease, trauma, and human interactions (ship collision, sonar, fisheries).

Main Results:

  • Two Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) showed pathological evidence of severe acute decompression sickness.
  • Gas analysis confirmed nitrogen bubbles consistent with DCS.
  • Other lethal causes, including anthropogenic factors, were systematically ruled out.

Conclusions:

  • Struggling with prey, specifically squid, during a deep hunting dive is identified as the most probable cause of DCS in these Risso's dolphins.
  • This finding suggests that physiological stress during deep dives, rather than solely external factors, can precipitate DCS in marine mammals.