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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
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Autoimmune Pancreatitis Type 2: Case Report.

Chidinma Onweni1, Harika Balagoni1, Jennifer M Treece1

  • 1East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports
|October 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare condition diagnosed in a middle-aged man. This IgG4-negative pancreatic disease, distinct from Type 1 AIP, requires careful diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment.

Keywords:
IgG4 antibodyIgG4-related diseaseautoimmune pancreatitischronic pancreatitiscorticosteroid therapylymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitistype 1type 2

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pancreatology

Background:

  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare, heterogeneous group of diseases challenging to diagnose.
  • Two distinct types of AIP exist: Type 1, associated with IgG4-positive antibodies, and Type 2, which is IgG4 antibody negative.
  • Both AIP types are treatable with corticosteroids, though Type 1 often presents with more extrapancreatic manifestations and higher relapse rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) in a middle-aged male patient.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges associated with AIP.
  • To discuss the clinical features and management of Type 2 AIP, particularly in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and a relapsing course.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case presentation.
  • Diagnostic workup for acute pancreatitis of unknown etiology.
  • Review of literature on autoimmune pancreatitis types and their characteristics.

Main Results:

  • A middle-aged male patient was diagnosed with Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).
  • The patient presented with acute pancreatitis, and the diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical and potentially other diagnostic criteria (though not detailed in abstract).
  • This case illustrates a relapsing course of Type 2 AIP in a patient with co-existing inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions:

  • Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an IgG4-negative pancreatic disease that can present similarly to other causes of acute pancreatitis.
  • Accurate diagnosis of AIP is crucial for appropriate management, primarily involving corticosteroid therapy.
  • This case underscores the heterogeneity of AIP, including its association with other immune-mediated conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and its potential for relapse.