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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Characterization and Functional Prediction of Bacteria in Ovarian Tissues
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Characterization and Functional Prediction of Bacteria in Ovarian Tissues

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Bacterial Infection and Associated Cancers.

Caixia Zhu1, Yuyan Wang1, Cankun Cai1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Bacterial infections, once overlooked, are now recognized as significant contributors to cancer development. This review highlights bacterial strategies like gene transfer and microbiome manipulation that drive tumor formation and malignancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Historically, bacterial infections were not strongly linked to cancer.
  • Emerging evidence indicates a significant association between certain bacterial infections and various cancers.
  • Bacteria employ sophisticated mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding the role of bacterial infections in cancer.
  • To highlight the specific strategies bacteria use to promote tumor formation and malignancy.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on bacterial carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking bacterial infections to cancer.
  • Analysis of bacterial mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial infections are increasingly implicated as major causes of cancer.
  • Bacteria utilize strategies such as lateral gene transfer, biofilm formation, and microbiome alteration.
  • These strategies contribute to genome instability, chronic inflammation, and immune evasion, facilitating cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial infections play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various cancers.
  • Understanding bacterial mechanisms is key to developing novel cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Further research into the interplay between bacteria and host immunity is warranted for cancer research.