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Antimicrobial Resistance in Rhodococcus equi.

Steeve Giguère1, Londa J Berghaus1, Jennifer M Willingham-Lane1

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Antimicrobial resistance in Rhodococcus equi is increasing, impacting foal pneumonia treatment. This review examines the molecular mechanisms behind emerging resistance to macrolides and rifampin in equine R. equi isolates.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in foals.
  • Macrolide and rifampin combination therapy has been the standard treatment since the 1980s, with historically low resistance rates.
  • Recent increases in resistance to these drugs in Rhodococcus equi isolates are threatening treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on antimicrobial resistance in Rhodococcus equi.
  • To emphasize the molecular mechanisms driving the emergence of macrolide and rifampin resistance in equine isolates.
  • To provide insights into the evolving challenges of treating Rhodococcus equi infections in foals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Rhodococcus equi antimicrobial resistance.
  • Analysis of reported cases and resistance trends in equine isolates.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying resistance development.

Main Results:

  • Resistance to macrolides and rifampin in Rhodococcus equi isolates is significantly increasing.
  • Some farms report up to 40% of infected foals have isolates resistant to both drug classes.
  • Emergence of resistance is linked to specific molecular mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The rising antimicrobial resistance in Rhodococcus equi poses a critical threat to foal health.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of resistance is crucial for developing alternative treatment strategies.
  • Continued surveillance and research are necessary to combat Rhodococcus equi infections effectively.