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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Artificial Selection to Increase the Phenotypic Variance in gmax Fails.

Jacqueline L Sztepanacz, Mark W Blows

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    Stabilizing selection acts on multivariate traits, but its strength isn't directly linked to genetic variance. Disruptive selection unexpectedly reduced variance along the major axis of genetic variation.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Quantitative genetics
    • Animal behavior

    Background:

    • Stabilizing selection is crucial for maintaining genetic variance and shaping macroevolutionary trait patterns.
    • Empirical evidence for stabilizing selection, especially on multivariate traits, remains limited.
    • Understanding selection pressures on complex traits is key to evolutionary theory.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally assess the strength of stabilizing selection on multivariate trait combinations in Drosophila serrata.
    • To investigate the relationship between stabilizing selection and the levels of genetic and mutational variance.
    • To determine if disruptive selection can reveal the extent of stabilizing selection.

    Main Methods:

    • Artificial disruptive selection was applied to Drosophila serrata populations.
    • Selection targeted the major axis of standing genetic variance (gmax) and other multivariate trait combinations.
    • Phenotypic variance and allele frequencies were monitored across selection treatments.

    Main Results:

    • Disruptive selection on gmax unexpectedly decreased phenotypic variance, indicating strong stabilizing selection.
    • Multivariate trait combinations predicted to be under stabilizing selection showed increased phenotypic variance.
    • Correlated responses and viability selection on genetically linked traits constrained responses in some treatments.

    Conclusions:

    • Multivariate traits are indeed subject to stabilizing selection, contrary to initial expectations.
    • The strength of stabilizing selection did not directly correlate with the levels of standing genetic variance.
    • Allele frequency patterns may influence responses to artificial selection on complex traits.