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Developmental trend of children with Down's syndrome - How do sex and neonatal conditions influence their

Sayaka Aoki1, Yuko Yamauchi2, Keiji Hashimoto3

  • 1Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.

Brain & Development
|October 22, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Children with Down syndrome (DS) develop slower than typically developing children. Factors like sex, low birth weight, and congenital heart disease (CHD) impact DS development differently in boys and girls.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Children with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit unique developmental trajectories.
  • Understanding factors influencing DS development is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of sex and neonatal conditions (preterm birth, low birth weight, congenital heart disease) on the developmental trends of children with Down syndrome.
  • To analyze motor, cognitive, and language development in children with DS.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 158 children with DS (mean age 25.5 months) was assessed using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development.
  • Multilevel models for change were employed to analyze intrapersonal growth and between-personal factors.
  • Developmental age (DA) across motor, cognitive, and language domains was measured.

Main Results:

  • Children with DS demonstrated slower developmental speeds compared to typical children across all assessed domains.
  • Girls with DS showed significantly faster development in non-verbal cognitive and language abilities compared to boys.
  • Low birth weight and congenital heart disease (CHD) negatively impacted non-verbal cognitive development in boys but positively influenced it in girls.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms slower developmental rates in children with Down syndrome.
  • Sex and neonatal conditions, specifically low birth weight and CHD, differentially affect the developmental trajectories of boys and girls with DS.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cognitive developmentCongenital heart diseasesDown’s syndromeKyoto Scale of Psychological DevelopmentLanguage developmentLow birth weightMotor developmentSex difference

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