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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator
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A portable precision ionization chamber: The transfer ionization reference chamber.

Frédéric Juget1, Youcef Nedjadi1, Thierry Buchillier1

  • 1Institute of Radiation Physics, Grand Pré 1, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|October 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new portable instrument for on-site radionuclide measurements was developed. This device enables accurate, reproducible quantification of short-lived isotopes in nuclear medicine and isotope production, with uncertainty below 1%.

Keywords:
Activity measurementIonization chamberNuclear medicineShort-lived nuclidesUncertainty estimation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Nuclear Instrumentation
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of radionuclides is crucial in nuclear medicine and isotope production.
  • Existing methods may lack portability for on-site measurements of short-lived isotopes.
  • Need for a reliable system to quantify radionuclide activity with high precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a portable instrument for on-site radionuclide activity measurements.
  • To ensure high reproducibility and low uncertainty for short-lived radionuclides.
  • To provide a tool for nuclear medicine departments and isotope production centers.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a portable system using an ionization chamber and electrometer.
  • Optimization of measurement reproducibility through vial selection, filling volume, and source positioning.
  • Calibration using traceable solutions and detailed uncertainty estimation.
  • Monitoring of external background radiation.

Main Results:

  • The instrument achieves a relative standard uncertainty not larger than 1% for isotope activity measurements.
  • Calibration is established for key isotopes: Fluorine-18 (F-18), Carbon-11 (C-11), Oxygen-15 (O-15), Nitrogen-13 (N-13), Iodine-131 (I-131), and Technetium-99m (Tc-99m).
  • The system demonstrates good reproducibility for on-site measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed portable instrument offers a reliable solution for on-site radionuclide quantification.
  • It meets the requirements for accurate measurements in nuclear medicine and isotope production.
  • The low uncertainty and portability enhance its utility in specialized settings.