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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

400
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
400

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Quality Protein Maize Based on Reducing Sulfur in Leaf Cells.

Jose Planta1, Joachim Messing2

  • 1Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

Genetics
|October 22, 2017
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Summary

Maize with low lysine and methionine is costly. Suppressing gamma-zeins and enhancing sulfate assimilation in transgenic maize improves lysine and methionine levels, creating a nutritionally superior grain.

Keywords:
High-lysine maizehigh-methionine maizequality protein maize

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Plant Breeding

Background:

  • Low lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) in maize-based diets pose significant nutritional and economic challenges.
  • The maize mutant opaque-2 (o2) increases Lys but results in soft kernels unsuitable for commercial use.
  • Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties were developed using quantitative trait loci (QTL) to restore kernel hardness in o2 mutants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel strategies for enhancing essential amino acid content in maize.
  • To develop maize with improved nutritional quality without relying on the o2 mutation.
  • To assess the efficacy of targeting gamma-zein suppression and sulfate assimilation for simultaneous Lys and Met improvement.

Main Methods:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) was used to suppress the expression of gamma-zein proteins.
  • A transgenic event (PE5) was created to express E. coli 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase in leaves, enhancing sulfate assimilation.
  • Stacked transgenic events combining gamma-zein suppression and enhanced sulfate assimilation were generated and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Suppression of gamma-zeins, without the o2 mutation, led to a vitreous kernel phenotype and rebalanced Lys content.
  • Enhanced sulfate assimilation in leaves resulted in elevated Met levels in the seed.
  • The stacked transgenic maize exhibited a vitreous endosperm with higher Lys than W64Ao2 and increased Met levels.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting gamma-zein suppression offers a viable alternative to the o2 mutation for improving maize kernel quality and Lys content.
  • Simultaneous enhancement of sulfate assimilation and gamma-zein suppression can significantly improve both Lys and Met levels in maize seeds.
  • These findings present a novel, cost-effective approach to developing nutritionally superior maize, potentially reducing reliance on feed additives and synthetic methionine.