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Trace elements in Mediterranean seagrasses and macroalgae. A review
Giuseppe Bonanno1, Martina Orlando-Bonaca2
1Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Antonino Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy.
The Science of the Total Environment
|October 23, 2017
Summary
Mediterranean vascular plants and macroalgae accumulate trace elements, but phytotoxic levels remain unclear. These organisms show potential as marine pollution bioindicators, especially for sediments and seawater, though standardized protocols are needed.
Area of Science:
- Marine Biology
- Environmental Science
- Biomonitoring
Background:
- Trace element concentrations are known in Mediterranean vascular plants, but less so in macroalgae.
- Seagrasses and macroalgae can accumulate high trace element levels, posing risks to food webs.
- Phytotoxic levels of trace elements in these marine organisms are not well-defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review trace element levels in Mediterranean vascular plants and macroalgae.
- To assess the effects of high trace element concentrations on marine organisms.
- To discuss the potential of these organisms as bioindicators of marine pollution.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on trace elements in Mediterranean flora and fauna.
- Analysis of data on element concentrations and their known effects.
- Evaluation of the bioindicator potential of seagrasses and macroalgae.
Main Results:
- Trace element presence is documented in all studied Mediterranean vascular plants.
- Element concentrations have been investigated in only a small fraction of native Mediterranean macroalgae.
- Seagrasses and macroalgae demonstrate potential as effective bioindicators for sediments and seawater, respectively.
Conclusions:
- Seagrasses and macroalgae are promising bioindicators for marine trace element pollution.
- Further research is needed to identify phytotoxic levels and quantify food web risks.
- Validated protocols for combined seagrass and macroalgae biomonitoring are essential for comprehensive coastal ecosystem assessment.
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