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Immunogold Electron Microscopy01:20

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Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
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Preparation and Photoacoustic Analysis of Cellular Vehicles Containing Gold Nanorods
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Gold laced bio-macromolecules for theranostic application.

Pranjali Yadav1, Surya Prakash Singh2, Aravind Kumar Rengan2

  • 1Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India.

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|October 24, 2017
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Summary

Gold nanostructures offer versatile biomedical applications due to their unique properties. This review highlights biomacromolecules used to create and stabilize gold nanoparticles for therapies and diagnostics.

Keywords:
BiopolymersBiosensorDiagnosticsImagingMacromoleculesMetal nanoparticlesPhotothermalTherapyWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Gold nanostructures possess unique physical and optical properties, making them valuable for biomedical applications.
  • These properties can be tuned by controlling size and shape for specific uses like photothermal therapy, biosensing, and medical imaging.
  • Biomacromolecules are increasingly utilized for the synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse range of biomacromolecules employed in the synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles.
  • To summarize the biomedical applications where these biomacromolecule-gold nanoparticle conjugates have shown promise.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape in this interdisciplinary field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications focusing on biomacromolecules and gold nanoparticles.
  • Categorization of biomacromolecules based on their origin and chemical structure.
  • Analysis of reported methods for gold nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization using biomacromolecules.
  • Compilation of applications including photothermal therapy, biosensing, and contrast agents.

Main Results:

  • A wide array of biomacromolecules, including polysaccharides (Alginate, Starch, Chitosan, etc.) and proteins (Collagen, Gelatin), have been successfully used.
  • These biomacromolecules facilitate the reduction of gold ions and stabilize the resulting nanoparticles, controlling size and shape.
  • The resulting gold nanostructures demonstrate efficacy in various biomedical applications, leveraging their tunable optical and physical characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Biomacromolecules provide a sustainable and effective platform for developing functionalized gold nanoparticles for biomedical use.
  • The synergistic combination of biomacromolecules and gold nanoparticles opens new avenues for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Further research into novel biomacromolecules and their integration with gold nanostructures will continue to drive innovation in nanomedicine.