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Does Pathway into 12-Step Programs Influence 12-Step-Related Benefit?

Kristina N Rynes1, J Scott Tonigan1

  • 1University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), Albuquerque, NM.

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|October 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Research on Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) often overlooks non-treatment-seeking individuals. Community-based AA recruitment yields higher attendance and abstinence rates, suggesting diverse recruitment is vital for accurate findings.

Keywords:
12-stepAlcoholics Anonymousrecruitmentsample biassubstance abuse treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Research
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Most 12-step research samples individuals actively seeking treatment.
  • This limits understanding of non-treatment-seeking individuals' engagement with 12-step programs.
  • The generalizability of existing findings on 12-step effectiveness is therefore uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in 12-step attendance and substance use based on recruitment methods.
  • To compare individuals recruited from community Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) clubs versus those recruited from substance abuse treatment or via advertisement/word-of-mouth.
  • To determine if recruitment strategy influences the association between 12-step attendance and substance use outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Multilevel analyses were employed to examine data from participants recruited through various channels.
  • Key metrics included 12-step attendance rates, substance use patterns, and days of alcohol abstinence.
  • Comparisons were made between participants recruited from community AA clubs, substance abuse treatment programs, and through advertisement/word-of-mouth.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in the association between 12-step attendance and improved substance use across recruitment groups.
  • Participants recruited from community-based AA clubs demonstrated higher 12-step attendance rates compared to other groups.
  • Community-recruited participants also reported a greater proportion of alcohol-abstinent days.

Conclusions:

  • Recruitment strategies significantly impact observed 12-step attendance and abstinence rates.
  • Community-based recruitment from AA clubs appears more effective for engaging individuals and achieving better outcomes.
  • Diverse recruitment methods are essential for obtaining representative samples and accurately estimating the true effects of 12-step programs.