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GLIS1-3: emerging roles in reprogramming, stem and progenitor cell differentiation and maintenance
David W Scoville1, Hong Soon Kang1, Anton M Jetten1
1Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Stem Cell Investigation
|October 24, 2017
Summary
GLI-similar (GLIS) transcription factors regulate stem cell reprogramming, maintenance, and differentiation. These factors are crucial for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and developing various tissues, including the pancreas and retina.
Area of Science:
- Stem cell biology
- Transcription factors
- Developmental biology
Background:
- GLI-similar (GLIS) transcription factors have emerged as key regulators in stem and progenitor cell biology.
- Previous research indicates their involvement in cell reprogramming, maintenance of pluripotency, and differentiation pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse roles of GLIS proteins in stem and progenitor cell populations.
- To consolidate current understanding of GLIS factors in cellular reprogramming and differentiation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on GLIS transcription factors.
- Analysis of published data on GLIS1, GLIS2, and GLIS3 functions in various cell types.
Main Results:
- GLIS1 enhances induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation efficiency.
- GLIS2 is involved in maintaining pluripotency in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and regulates hematopoietic progenitor self-renewal and megakaryocytic differentiation.
- GLIS3 is critical for tissue development, promotes fibroblast reprogramming into retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, and is essential for spermatogonial stem cell renewal and pancreatic beta cell generation.
Conclusions:
- GLIS proteins play multifaceted and essential roles in stem cell regulation, reprogramming, and differentiation across various cell lineages.
- Further research into GLIS functions could unlock new therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine and developmental disorders.
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