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Related Experiment Videos

Decline in CD4+ cell numbers reflects increase in HIV-1 replication.

F De Wolf1, M Roos, J M Lange

  • 1Department of Virology, University of Amsterdam.

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Detecting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antigen (HIV-1-Ag) in serum indicates a decline in CD4+ cell counts. Persistent HIV-1-Ag positivity correlates with a significant drop in CD4+ cells, while remaining HIV-1-Ag negative stabilizes counts.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by a decline in CD4+ T-cell counts, a key indicator of immune system health.
  • The presence of HIV-1 antigen (HIV-1-Ag) in serum is associated with active viral replication and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the presence of HIV-1 antigen (HIV-1-Ag) in serum and changes in CD4+ cell numbers in a prospective cohort of homosexual men.
  • To determine the impact of HIV-1-Ag seroconversion on CD4+ cell dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective follow-up of homosexual men over 30 months.
  • Monitoring of CD4+ cell counts and detection of HIV-1 antigen (HIV-1-Ag) and HIV-1 antibody (HIV-1-Ab) in serum.
  • Analysis of CD4+ cell changes in relation to HIV-1-Ag status and seroconversion.

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Main Results:

  • CD4+ cell counts remained stable in HIV-1-Ab seropositives who were consistently HIV-1-Ag negative.
  • CD4+ cell counts declined significantly in HIV-1-Ab seropositives who were persistently HIV-1-Ag positive.
  • A decline in CD4+ cells was observed around the time of HIV-1-Ab seroconversion, irrespective of antigen expression duration.
  • HIV-1-Ab seroconverters who became HIV-1-Ag positive showed a steady decline in CD4+ cells, while those remaining HIV-1-Ag negative had stable counts post-seroconversion.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of HIV-1 antigen (HIV-1-Ag) in serum is a strong predictor of CD4+ cell decline in individuals with HIV-1 infection.
  • Monitoring HIV-1-Ag status can help identify individuals at higher risk of immune deterioration.
  • Early viral replication, indicated by antigen presence, precedes or coincides with antibody seroconversion and is associated with subsequent CD4+ cell loss.