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[Is it possible to avoid axillary dissection?]

J Gatěk, D Vrána, B Dudešek

    Rozhledy V Chirurgii : Mesicnik Ceskoslovenske Chirurgicke Spolecnosti
    |October 24, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has revolutionized breast cancer surgery by reducing the need for axillary dissection. Further research indicates that axillary dissection may be unnecessary even with limited metastases in sentinel nodes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Surgical Oncology
    • Breast Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Axillary lymph node dissection was a standard procedure in breast cancer treatment for decades.
    • Mastectomy and axillary dissection were primary surgical interventions until the 1990s.
    • Despite the shift towards breast-preserving procedures, axillary dissection remained integral.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) on breast cancer treatment.
    • To explore the potential for further reduction in axillary dissection procedures.
    • To assess the necessity of subsequent axillary dissection based on sentinel node metastasis status.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of surgical procedures in breast cancer treatment.
    • Analysis of the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in managing axillary nodes.
    • Evaluation of metastasis status (micrometastases, macrometastases) in sentinel lymph nodes.

    Main Results:

    • SLNB has significantly reduced the number of radical axillary procedures.
    • SLNB has decreased the incidence of serious complications impacting patient quality of life.
    • Subsequent axillary dissection may be unnecessary for limited micrometastases or macrometastases in sentinel nodes.

    Conclusions:

    • Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) represents a revolutionary advancement in breast cancer axillary staging.
    • Further reduction in axillary dissection is possible, improving patient outcomes.
    • SLNB is also applicable in selected patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.