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A low-power high-sensitivity analog front-end for PPG sensor.

Binghui Lin, Mohamed Atef, Guoxing Wang

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |October 25, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a low-power analog front-end (AFE) for photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing. The design minimizes power consumption while effectively amplifying signals and rejecting noise for improved accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Integrated Circuit Design
    • Wearable Technology

    Background:

    • Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are crucial for non-invasive physiological monitoring.
    • Existing PPG systems often face challenges with high power consumption and noise interference.
    • Low-power, high-performance analog front-ends (AFEs) are needed for advanced wearable health devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a low-power AFE for PPG sensing using a 0.35 μm CMOS process.
    • To address the challenge of large DC photocurrents in PPG signal acquisition.
    • To enhance signal quality by minimizing noise and maximizing gain.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed the AFE circuits in the subthreshold region to achieve ultra-low power consumption (10 μA total biasing current).
    • Implemented a DC photocurrent rejection technique using a cancellation loop to handle large DC inputs (up to 10 μA).
    • Utilized a pseudo-resistor for a low high-pass corner frequency (<0.5 Hz) and a Gm-C filter for out-of-band noise rejection (>16 Hz).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a total gain of 140 dBμ from the amplifier chain.
    • Demonstrated an input-integrated noise current of 68.87 pArms up to 16 Hz.
    • Successfully fabricated the PPG sensor in a 0.35 μm CMOS process.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed low-power AFE effectively amplifies weak photocurrents and converts them to usable voltage signals.
    • The integrated DC rejection and noise filtering techniques significantly improve PPG signal quality.
    • This AFE is suitable for power-constrained wearable PPG applications.