Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

9.6K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
9.6K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.5K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.5K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

18.2K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
18.2K
Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors01:16

Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors

4.5K
For a conductor in which all charges are at rest, the conductor's surface is equipotential. The electric field is always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces. Therefore, in a conductor with static charges, the electric field just outside the conductor is always perpendicular to the conductor's surface. Any tangential component of the electric field will cause charges to move inside the conductor, which will violate the electrostatic nature of the system. In an electrostatic...
4.5K
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

19.9K
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
19.9K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

1.7K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Heart Disease in Arrest-Related Death.

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology·2026
Same author

Optimizing defibrillation waveforms for the real world.

Heart rhythm·2026
Same author

Electric Security Fences for Power Substations: Electrical Safety of Induced Potentials.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same author

Promoting the prone position paranoia: Confusing correlation with causation.

Journal of forensic and legal medicine·2025
Same author

Post-mortem cardiomegaly descriptor: Call for consistent criteria.

Journal of forensic sciences·2025
Same author

Civilian "Stun" Guns: Neural or Aural Stimulation?

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology II: Extracellular Suction Electrode Fabrication
08:47

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology II: Extracellular Suction Electrode Fabrication

Published on: February 20, 2011

15.6K

New conducted electrical weapons: Thoracic cage shielding effects.

Dorin Panescu, Mark W Kroll, Michael A Brave

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |October 25, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New TASER conducted electrical weapon (CEW) models, the XRF and X2, show reduced cardiac risk. The thoracic cage effectively shields the heart from dangerous arrhythmias, increasing cardiac safety margins.

    More Related Videos

    Evaluating Primary Blast Effects In Vitro
    10:51

    Evaluating Primary Blast Effects In Vitro

    Published on: September 18, 2017

    8.5K
    Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
    13:29

    Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

    Published on: May 15, 2021

    5.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

    Spinal Cord Electrophysiology II: Extracellular Suction Electrode Fabrication
    08:47

    Spinal Cord Electrophysiology II: Extracellular Suction Electrode Fabrication

    Published on: February 20, 2011

    15.6K
    Evaluating Primary Blast Effects In Vitro
    10:51

    Evaluating Primary Blast Effects In Vitro

    Published on: September 18, 2017

    8.5K
    Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
    13:29

    Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

    Published on: May 15, 2021

    5.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Forensic Science
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Previous studies analyzed current distribution in CEW models and cardiac arrhythmia risks.
    • New TASER conducted electrical weapon (CEW) models, the eXperimental Rotating-Field (XRF) and X2, require investigation regarding their cardiac safety.
    • Both XRF and X2 CEWs deliver a precise charge per pulse (64 μC and 62 μC, respectively).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To numerically model thoracic cage attenuation of currents and electric fields from the new XRF and X2 CEWs.
    • To determine if the heart is shielded from dangerous arrhythmias induced by these new CEW models.

    Main Methods:

    • Finite element modeling (FEM) was employed to simulate current density and electric field strength.
    • FEM boundary conditions were set to match the output waveforms of the XRF and X2 CEWs.
    • A scenario with both CEW darts deployed over the anterior sternum was analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • The sternum and thoracic cage significantly attenuated currents and electrical fields from the XRF and X2 CEWs.
    • These bony structures provided shielding for the heart against potentially dangerous arrhythmias.
    • The XRF and X2 CEWs demonstrated increased cardiac safety margins due to shorter pulse durations and reduced charge delivery.

    Conclusions:

    • The sternum and thoracic cage offer significant attenuation of electrical currents and fields from new CEW models.
    • The heart is effectively shielded from dangerous arrhythmias by the thoracic cage.
    • The design of the XRF and X2 CEWs enhances cardiac safety compared to previous models.