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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

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Published on: April 11, 2025

CTG Analyzer: A graphical user interface for cardiotocography.

Agnese Sbrollini, Angela Agostinelli, Luca Burattini

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|October 25, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiotocography (CTG) analysis for fetal well-being is often subjective. CTG Analyzer software offers an objective, automated solution for interpreting fetal heart rate and uterine contraction data.

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Area of Science:

Perinatal medicine
Medical informatics
Biomedical engineering

Background:

Cardiotocography (CTG) is the standard method for assessing fetal health during pregnancy and labor.
Visual interpretation of CTG recordings is subjective and lacks reproducibility, influenced by clinician experience.
Objective analysis tools are needed to improve the accuracy of CTG interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce CTG Analyzer, a user-friendly graphical tool for automatic and objective analysis of CTG tracings.
To provide clinicians with a reliable method for evaluating fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contractions (UC).

Main Methods:

Development of CTG Analyzer using MATLAB® with an intuitive graphical user interface.
Visualization of FHR and UC signals on a grid with reference lines and color-coded features.
Automatic analysis based on FIGO guidelines and user-adjustable settings.

Main Results:

CTG Analyzer provides quantitative results for FHR and UC parameters.
The tool facilitates objective assessment, overcoming the limitations of visual inspection.
Generated reports offer a comprehensive summary of the analysis.

Conclusions:

CTG Analyzer is a valuable graphical tool for automated and objective CTG tracing analysis.
It has the potential to enhance the correctness and consistency of fetal health assessments.
The software supports clinicians in making more informed decisions during pregnancy and labor.