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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
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Ankle-foot orthosis using elastomer-embedded flexible joint.

Isao Abe, Kohei Ishiya, Taiki Oshimoto

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |October 25, 2017
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    Summary

    A novel ankle-foot orthosis with elastomer-embedded flexible joints (EEFJ) effectively reduces tibialis anterior muscle (TA) burden and improves toe clearance during walking. This innovative design offers promising benefits for mobility and muscle support.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Rehabilitation Technology

    Background:

    • Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are crucial for managing lower limb impairments.
    • Existing AFOs may present limitations in muscle load reduction and gait dynamics.
    • Development of advanced AFOs with enhanced functionality is needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) featuring elastomer-embedded flexible joints (EEFJ).
    • To evaluate the biomechanical performance and in-vivo efficacy of the EEFJ AFO in reducing tibialis anterior (TA) muscle activity and improving toe clearance.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of EEFJ AFOs utilizing C-shaped springs and 3D-printed elastomers.
    • Strength testing to quantify supporting torque in various directions.
    • Gait analysis involving seven healthy young subjects to assess TA muscle activation and range of motion.

    Main Results:

    • Strength testing demonstrated supporting torques of 0.7-2.3 Nm to plantarflexion for specific C-spring and elastomer configurations.
    • The EEFJ AFO significantly reduced tibialis anterior (TA) muscle activation during initial contact and swing phases.
    • The orthosis also reduced the range of motion at initial contact.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed elastomer-embedded flexible joint (EEFJ) ankle-foot orthosis shows significant potential for reducing tibialis anterior muscle load.
    • The EEFJ AFO design successfully enhances toe clearance during the gait cycle.
    • This innovative orthosis offers a promising solution for improving gait mechanics and reducing muscle burden.