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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach
Published on: December 1, 2011
Pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of tenofovir in Thai HIV-infected patients
Kanokrat Rungtivasuwan1, Anchalee Avihingsanon2,3, Narukjaporn Thammajaruk2
1Pharmacy Services, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Aim:
To develop a population pharmacokinetic model and identify sources of variability, genetic and nongenetic factors, of tenofovir.
Methods:
The ABCC2 and ABCC4 polymorphisms were genotyped in 342 patients. A nonlinear mixed effects model was used to develop the population pharmacokinetic model and investigate the influence of these polymorphisms and other patient specific covariates on the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir.
Results:
The estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by the Cockcroft and Gault equation, concomitant use of lopinavir/ritonavir and ABCC4 3463A>G polymorphism were associated with tenofovir apparent oral clearance (CL/F). The use of lopinavir/ritonavir decreased tenofovir CL/F by 25%. Patients carrying ABCC4 3463 AG or GG had a tenofovir CL/F 11% higher than those with genotype AA.
Conclusion:
Renal function, co-medication and genetic variation impact the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir. These factors should be taken into consideration to guide the individual tenofovir disoproxil fumarate dosage regimen in Thai HIV-infected patients.
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