Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

5.8K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
5.8K
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

4.4K
The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
4.4K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

4.8K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
4.8K
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

7.8K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
7.8K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

5.1K
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
5.1K
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

6.9K
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Venous origins of choroid plexus vasculature: insights from zebrafish.

Trends in neurosciences·2026
Same author

NMDA receptors coordinate brain vascular development via neuron-to-endothelial tip cell crosstalk in zebrafish.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Globally patterned locus coeruleus-norepinephrine neuron-pericyte coupling orchestrates brain-wide vascular dynamics.

Neuron·2025
Same author

Designed optogenetic tool for bridging single-neuronal multimodal information in intact animals.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Neuromodulatory processing in the bi-pathway brain architecture.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2025
Same author

Neural-activity-regulated and glia-mediated control of brain lymphatic development.

Cell·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights
09:29

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights

Published on: August 4, 2023

4.8K

[The structure and function of habenula].

Bai-Bing Zhang1,2, Jiu-Lin Du3,2,4

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. bbzhang@ion.ac.cn.

Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica Sinica]
|October 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The habenula (Hb) is a key brain region regulating emotions and behaviors like anxiety and depression. This review details its structure, connections, and role in sensory processing and neuromodulation.

More Related Videos

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue
07:14

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue

Published on: October 21, 2021

4.8K
Combined Recording of Mechanically Stimulated Afferent Output and Nerve Terminal Labelling in Mouse Hair Follicle Lanceolate Endings
13:04

Combined Recording of Mechanically Stimulated Afferent Output and Nerve Terminal Labelling in Mouse Hair Follicle Lanceolate Endings

Published on: May 7, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights
09:29

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights

Published on: August 4, 2023

4.8K
Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue
07:14

Combined Mechanical and Enzymatic Dissociation of Mouse Brain Hippocampal Tissue

Published on: October 21, 2021

4.8K
Combined Recording of Mechanically Stimulated Afferent Output and Nerve Terminal Labelling in Mouse Hair Follicle Lanceolate Endings
13:04

Combined Recording of Mechanically Stimulated Afferent Output and Nerve Terminal Labelling in Mouse Hair Follicle Lanceolate Endings

Published on: May 7, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Biology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The habenula (Hb) is an evolutionarily conserved diencephalic structure.
  • It functions as an emotion center, influencing behaviors such as anxiety, fear, reward, depression, and nicotine withdrawal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the habenula's structure and connections.
  • To propose future research directions for this complex brain region.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on habenula structure, function, and connectivity.
  • Analysis of sensory input pathways converging on the habenula.
  • Examination of habenula projections to neuromodulatory systems.

Main Results:

  • The habenula integrates emotion-related inputs from the limbic system and action selection inputs from the basal ganglia.
  • Sensory inputs from multiple modalities, including visual pathways, converge on the habenula.
  • The habenula projects to dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems, highlighting its role in neuromodulation.

Conclusions:

  • The habenula's complex circuitry enables its diverse roles in emotion and behavior.
  • Understanding the habenula's structure-function relationship is crucial for deciphering its role in various neurological conditions.
  • Future research should focus on detailed connectivity mapping and functional analysis of the habenula.